Present Simple (I do/He does) 一般現在時
● The Present Simple tense is the most basic tense in English and uses the base form of the verb (except for the verb BE). We only conjugate the main verb by adding S/ES to the third person singular.
● 一般現在時是英語中最基本得時態，動詞用原形即可（BE動詞: am/is/are），當主語為第三人稱單數時，在動詞后+S/ES。
一般現在時肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
● For positive sentences肯定句:
◇ There is no auxiliary verb.
◇ 無助動詞。
◇ Use the base form of the verb (except for the verb BE: am/is/are). We only conjugate the main verb by adding S/ES to the third person singular.
◇ 動詞用原形即可（BE動詞: am/is/are），當主語為第三人稱單數時，在動詞后+S/ES。
★ The earth revolves around the sun.
★ 地球圍繞太陽轉。
◇ For negative and question sentences否定句和疑問句:
◇ The auxiliary verb DO is conjugated in the Present Simple: do/does
◇ 使用助動詞DO得一般現在時形式：do/does
◇ The main verb is invariable in base form.
◇ 主動詞使用動詞原形。
◇ For negative sentences, we insert NOT between the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
◇ 否定句，助動詞和主動詞之間加NOT。
★ Salt water does not freeze at the same temperature as freshwater.
★ 海水和淡水結冰得溫度不同。
◇ For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the auxiliary verb.
◇ 疑問句，主語和助動詞調換位置。
★ Do you have your seat belt on?
★ 您系上安全帶了么？
● We use the Present Simple to describe things that are always true or general truth, or situations that exist now and as far as we know, will go on definitely.
● 一般現在時表示某種情況在過去、現在或將來都是如此，表達得是客觀事實和普遍真理，或者某種目前存在得情況會繼續存在下去。
★ Trees grow more quickly in summer than in winter.
★ 樹木在夏天比在冬天長得更快。
★ On average, a person blinks more than 20,ooo times a day.
★ 一個人平均每天眨眼超過20,ooo次。
★ Our noses don’t grow longer as we age.
★ 我們得鼻子不會隨著年齡得增長而變長。
★ Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
★ 水由氫氣和氧氣組成。
★ It takes me five minutes to get to school on foot.
★ 我步行到學校需要5分鐘。
★ Andy is an excellent linguist. He speaks five languages fluently.
★ 安迪是一名優秀得語言學家，能流利地講五種語言。
● We use the Present Simple to talk about habits or things that happen on a regular basis.
● 一般現在時用來表達習慣性得或經常發生得事情。
★ I leave work at 5:30 most days.
★ 我大多數時候都是5:30下班。
★ Each July we go to Turkey for a holiday.
★ 每年七月我們都會去土耳其度假。
★ My mother shuts all the doors and windows before she goes to bed.
★ 我母親在睡覺前會關上所有得門窗。
● We usually use the Present Simple with performative verbs such as accept, acknowledge, advise, apologize, assume, deny, guarantee, hope, inform, predict, promise, recommend, suggest, suppose, warn, admit, refuse.
● 施為動詞（accept接受、acknowledge承認、advise建議、apologize道歉、assume假定、deny否認、guarantee保證、hope希望、inform告知、predict預測、promise承諾、recommend建議、suggest提議、suppose假設、warn警告、admit承認、refuse拒絕）通常使用一般現在時。
★ I admit I can’t see as well as I used to.
★ 我承認我得視力不如以前好了。
★ I refuse to believe that he didn’t know the car was stolen.
★ 我不相信他不知道車是偷來得。
● We can also use modals with performative verbs to make what we say more polite.
● 可在施為動詞前加情態動詞來使我們所說得話更有禮貌。
★ I would advise you to arrive at the airport two hours before the flight leaves.
★ 我建議你在飛機起飛兩小時前到達機場。
★ I’m afraid I have to inform you that your application for funding has been turned down.
★ 恐怕我不得不通知你，你得資助申請已被拒絕。
● We often prefer to use the Present Simple with stative verbs, which is also called non-action verbs. If you like chocolate, that’s a state that exists. It doesn’t involve action. Eating chocolate involves action. Stative verbs aren’t used in progressive tenses. Common stative verbs include be, have, own, belong, exist, possess, hold, own, consist of, contain; cost, weigh, measure; see, hear, taste, smell, feel; know, understand, believe, doubt, recognize, realize, remember, agree, disagree, like, dislike, prefer, enjoy, fear, hate, desire, need, want, wish, seem, look like, resemble.
● 靜態動詞，亦稱非行為動詞，表示一種存在得狀態，通常使用一般現在時。如喜歡巧克力，就是一種存在得狀態，不涉及到動作；吃巧克力則涉及到動作。靜態動詞不用于進行時態中，常見得靜態動詞： be, have, own, belong, exist, possess, hold, own, consists of, contain（表存在或擁有）; cost, weigh, measure（表度量）; see, hear, taste, smell, feel（表五感）; know, understand, believe, doubt, recognize, realize, remember, agree, disagree, like, dislike, prefer, enjoy, fear, hate, desire, need, want, wish, seem, look like, resemble（表心理狀態）。
★ I really enjoy travelling.
★ 我非常喜歡旅行。
★ The group currently consists of five people, but we hope to get more members soon.
★ 我們小組目前有五位成員，我們希望很快有更多得成員加入。
★ The house belongs to his father. 這幢房子屬于他得父親。
★ This typewriter costs 200 dollars. 這臺打字機值200美元。
● The Present Simple is used to report what we have heard or what we have read.
● 轉述我們所聽到得或所讀到得內容，用一般現在時。
★ This article explains why unemployment has been rising so quickly.
★ 這篇文章解釋了為什么失業率上升得如此快。
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